Regulation and deregulation of business logistics

It is important to distinguish these two types of state intervention, since the policy of deregulation aimed only at the economic aspects of the industry, while measures on traffic safety and protection of the public interest only increase. Let's see these questions in detail. Regulation of business life is one of the oldest forms of government regulation. Federal and state governments have actively used economic regulation to ensure the reliability of the transport system and to create conditions for economic development.More than 100 years the state intervention in the economy is aimed at to make transport services equally available to all users without exception in the U. S. Measures to strengthen competition between private transport companies are the basis of the regulatory policies. The government invested money in creating and improving infrastructure in building roads, airports, channels and ports. The state supported and regulated system of private commercial carriers for us ing these communication and actually providing transport services.Deregulation began in the sass, and in 1980, when the basic laws adopted deregulation, the situation has changed radically. In the sass and sass were tightened security measures in the transport and protection of the public interest with weakening economic regulation of transport. In 1966, it was created by the Ministry of Transport (Department of Transportation, DOT), and from the very beginning in the center of his attention were transportation and materials handling hazardous substances, limiting working time of drivers and reliable vehicles.In 1974, the Law on Transport Security (Transportation Safety Act). Were taken effect several laws on transport, significantly influenced the practice of logistics in the next 20 years. Movement for the protection of the environment caused further strengthen attention to transportation safety and liability for environmental harm. Regulation of entry into the industry. Such regu lation shall be subject to the rules of entry into the industry (market) and exit, as well as a list of markets that are allowed to serve a particular carrier.Restrictions aimed at reducing competition in major markets and maintaining an adequate level of logistic service to small. Transport rates. Transportation rates are the second object of economic regulation, in particular, their establishment, modification, tariff subsidies and actual tariff rates. There are efferent types of transport tariffs. There are legal procedures to change (increase or decrease) in transportation tariffs. The most industries, firms are free to change prices, and limits their only competitive pressures.Prior to deregulation, carriers had to prove the need for changes in tariffs to the Commission on interstate commerce. Carriers had to demonstrate that their costs have increased (or decreased) for justifying such a need to increase (or decrease) the price of the services. Temporary change of tariffs in r esponse to rising fuel prices in the form of allowances allowed he tariff rate. Carriers are getting the right to change rates within a certain range without any Justification annual (typically 7-15%) after deregulation. Tariff subsidies – are the practice of support (subsidies) one carrier routes through higher tariffs on others.That is considered that the high costs are associated with servicing small markets, subsidized by revenues from services to large markets where the level of costs are relatively lower. Strictly speaking, 42 states regulate transport on its territory, and only eight do not. There was have never been regulating the activities f public or contract carriers in Delaware and New Jersey. Nevertheless, in 1994 Congress passed and President signed a law abolishing the right of states to control the rates, routes, and composition of services provided by the carriers.While states retained the right to regulate the size and weight of vehicles, as well as transpo rtation routes of hazardous materials and the financial liability of carriers. In addition, Carriers retained the right of participation in the tariff committee. Costs of intrastate regulation and the difficulties in its abolition are quite significant. Postal impasses aspired to avoid regulation. But in response to these efforts of companies Federal Express and UPS power only some states have strengthened their positions. For example, several states attempt to subordinate Federal Express truck traffic on its territory in 1991. But in 1992 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that California has no right to regulate road transport operations airlines that have a federal license. Other cities and states have tried to limit transport at a certain time of day or the transportation of hazardous materials (Donald, 2008). All these things considered, we include that creating the conditions for free market competition, although from time to time there have been calls for stability to return to a m ore extensive regulation – primarily it concerns air transport and road transport with incomplete transit normally – is the main aim of the legal state regulation in the transport industry.

Tragedy And The Modern Man By Arthur Miller Essay

In the reading â€Å"Tragedy and the Modern Man† written by author Arthur Miller, it states, â€Å"I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were.† Arthur Miller describes what the true meaning of a tragic hero is throughout his reading. This quote that Miller includes shows us that any human being can suffer a tragedy as because we are a human being. To suffer through a tragedy, no matter how big or small, is what makes you truly a hero and successful. No matter what your social class may be, whether you are a common man or a king, when exposed to any circumstances, one can suffer a tragedy. Miller believes that facing a tragedy is pro rather than a con. Although, to suffer through the pain may be difficult for some, the experience and knowledge of how to overcome the situation in the future is more powerful than avoiding the pain. â€Å"†¦the tale always reveals what has been called his tragic flaw, a failing that is not peculiar to grand or elevated characters. Nor is it necessarily a weakness.† Miller mentions this in his reading as he explains that to have a flaw is not always something bad, but something good and something you should accept, rather than believing you are someone you truly are not. A great example of this comes from the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe. Throughout this novel, the main character, Okonkwo, is known to be the complete opposite of his father just because he was not successful like the rest of theShow MoreRelatedWilly Loman, the Modern Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1739 Words   |  7 Pages In Arthur Miller’s essay â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man†, a picture is painted of a â€Å"flaw-full† man, known as the modern hero of tragedies. Miller describes what characteristics the modern tragic hero possesses and how he differs from the heroes depicted by classic Greek playwrights such as Sophocles and Aristotle. In order to understand how drastically the modern hero has evolved, one must first understand the basic characteristics that the heroes created by Sophocles and Aristotle encompass. TheRead MoreConventions of Tragedy in A View From The Bridge By Arthur Miller1100 Words   |  5 PagesConventions of Tragedy in A View From The Bridge By Arthur Miller Arthur Miller manipulates his characters and uses literary devices to effectively convey to the audience the trajectory of Eddie Carbone and his flaws of misconduct in the play, A View From The Bridge. He uses all the conventions of a modern tragedy adequately to help arouse sympathy, suspense and fear from the audience at significant intervals of the playRead MoreA Survey of Tragedy984 Words   |  4 PagesA Survey of Tragedy A modern tragedy of today and a tragedy of ancient Greece are two very different concepts, but ironically, both are linked by many similarities. In â€Å"Poetics†, Aristotle defines and outlines tragedy for theatre in a way that displays his genius, but raises questions and creates controversy. Aristotle’s famous definition of tragedy states: â€Å"A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious, and also as having magnitude, complete in itself in language with pleasurable accessoriesRead MoreQuest For Literary Form : The Greeks Believed That The Tragedy1742 Words   |  7 PagesGreeks believed that the tragedy was the greatest form of drama, and Aristotle’s concept of tragedy followed this belief. In the modern times, there has been a change in this view with various authors abandoning the classical form to follow more liberal forms of literacy. (Kennedy Gioia, Pp. 1203) Aristotle s Concept of Tragedy The analysis of Aristotle on tragedy formed the guideline for later poets in the Western civilization. Aristotle defined tragedy as â€Å"the simulation ofRead MoreExamples Of Everyday Tragedy732 Words   |  3 PagesEveryday Tragedy When a person thinks of tragedy the thing that flows to mind is death and destruction. Even though this way of thinking is valid, there are several ways to analyze the concept of tragedy. Tragedy is when one suffers an unexpected punishment that has merged together through ones actions. Arthur Miller believes that tragedy can happen to any type of person if youre rich or if youre poor, no matter what, it can happen to all of us. Arthur shows this to us in the book Death of aRead More Common Man as Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Man as Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman What is tragedy? While the literal definition may have changed over the centuries, one man believed he knew the true meaning of a tragic performance. Aristotle belonged to the culture that first invented tragic drama – the ancient Greeks. Through this, he gave himself credibility enough to illustrate the universally necessary elements of tragic drama. In The Poetics, Aristotle gives a clear definition of a tragedy, writing that it is â€Å"an imitationRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesSalesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classic tragedy. ?.... this is, first of all, a play about a mans death. And tragedy has from the beginning dealt with this awesomeRead MoreWilly Loman as a Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1218 Words   |  5 PagesTragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Should Willy Loman of Arthur Millers classic, Death of a Salesman be regarded as a tragic hero, or merely a working-class, socially inadequate failure? Described by Miller as a self-destructive, insecure anti-hero, it seems almost impossible for Loman to be what is known as a tragic hero in the classical sense, but with the inclusion of other factors he maybe a tragic hero, at least in the modern context, or partiallyRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle set forth his description of dramatic tragedy, and for centuries after, tragedy continued to be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examinationRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1548 Words   |  7 Pages Research paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his family

Scrum - 818 Words

Scrum is the best agile methodology used today. features are written from the perspective of end user therefore features---gt;known as user stories Collection of all user stories--gt;product backlog Into a particular release which user stories v r gng to put resp of Product owner makes sure that the right features make it into the product backlog rep the users n customers of the product,she helps consider the direction of the product resp of Scrum master--gt;project is running smoothly, every member fulfills their job,sets meetings and monitors the work being done and facilitates release planning other team members Developer build the product Tester test it to make sure it runs smoothly Customer use it n hopefully pay fo it†¦show more content†¦ves obstacles) product owner --gt; primararly resp for bringing in return on investment in d company , thy want to make sure tht thy minimize the oppurtunity cost as much as possible so the scrum teams time should be spent on activities tht derive most value for company and cuastomer *product visionary(knows what customer needs *voice of customer *master of product backlog *AKA(authority ie how product owner must be)knowledge with industrty,availble for scrum team a--gt;to execute their duties k--gt;to understand customer base a--gt;to help scrum team DEV team member--gt;devloping the product n cresting something *creates product *self organized *team mentality(avoids the not my job trap) Scrum framework: key pieces of user story As a [role] I want [feature] so I can [benefit] in product backklog the product owner chooses the user stories by(backlog refinement) ADDING/SUBTRACTING items splitting,merging n estimating items sprint planning(planning user stories for each sprint) what work wil be done how will the work be done definition of done sprint review:gvn demo to stake holders n getting feedback (1hr for everyShow MoreRelatedThe Ken Schwaber, Agile Software Development With Scrum1618 Words   |  7 PagesScrum keeps everything about a project visible to everyone.† (Ken Schwaber, Agile Software Development with Scrum) One of the three pillars of Scrum is Transparency - it requires significant aspects of the Scrum process to be visible to those responsible for the outcome. As such one of the most important information radiators when following the Scrum Framework is the Scrum Board. But why use a Scrum Board, what benefit will it add for my team? And what about setting one up, they are so many differentRead MoreExecutive Summary : Executive Report1699 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction – motivation for report and description of structure The Motivation of the report is to critical analyse both agile and lean to see which of the two methodology is better in terms of software quality to help the productivity for the company. The scrum mythology was used by the company already by two teams which in insisted to use the methodology. Due to the iteration used in the mythology it became a constraint because it give the developers a fixed length to finish a task which can be very hardRead MoreAgile Methodologies And Rapid Application Development Essay1844 Words   |  8 Pagesexplores three of the most popular agile methods, Scrum, Extreme Programming (EP), and Kanban. 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It is also important visualize the workflow andRead MoreEditorial Management System For Research Journals1199 Words   |à ‚  5 Pagesjournals will help the authors in fast and easy manuscript submission. He can also easily view the status of his already submitted manuscripts at anytime and anywhere by logging in to his account. Scrum development methodology was used to design and develop the system. KEYWORDS Model view control, agile system, scrum, editorial management system, web based system, database, user interface, MySQL. Introduction A research journal is a scholarly publication containing articles written by researchers, professorsRead MoreAssess Organizational Approaches For Job Design1464 Words   |  6 Pageswherein every individual is held jointly accountable for the outcome of the project (Mukherjee Vasconcelos, 2011). We follow the agile methodology for developing clinical software for hospitals by using an empirical process control model called scrum to effectively manage and complete projects. An agile development team consists of a group of people who collaborate to create new software systems and modify existing software systems. Analysts, programmers, designers, database administrators, systemsRead MoreThe Valuation Of Coordinated Philosophy1184 Words   |  5 Pagesworking programming application to the customers and they additionally lead day by day audits on their past and present day work alongside the troubles that square the advancement. There is a different group for this procedure called Scrum Team, which is represented by a Scrum Master(Gonà §alves Lopes, 2014). (Cao, Mohan, Xu, Ramesh, 2009) states, coordinated system accumulates data and prerequisites of item/application, to augment the execution phase of the undertaking instead of getting every oneRead MoreTesting With The Acceptance Test Essay1085 Words   |  5 Pagesemployee at Oracle at the USA, who works based in New Zealand, and also has a compony on his own, and he uses the software process of scrum. Scrum is a type of agile process, which requires three main roles, the product owner, the scrum master, who looks after the team members, and the process of the work going, and the final role is the team members. The basic process of scrum is that the product owner introduces a product backlog that contains user stories, which are what the product owner requires inRead MoreOrganizational Approaches For Job Design1770 Words   |  8 Pageswithin the company and would know whether the work they are doing is on task and accurate. In this software company, the agile methodology is followed for developing clinical software for hospitals by using an empirical process control model called scrum to effectively manage and complete projects. An agile development team consists of a group of people who collaborate to create new software systems and modify existing software systems (Tripp, Riemenschneider, Thatcher, 2016). Analysts, programmersRead MoreAgile Methodology Of Software Development1285 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes the initial requirement, use cases, negative scenarios, test cases and exceptions. In the beginning of each sprint cycle, these user stories are presented to the developers for effort estimation. Once the effort estimation is finalized the scrum master takes the responsibility of handing over the user stories to developers in the team in the form of tickets. A user story can be broken down into multiple tickets. There are many applications like JIRA, HPQC, Rally etc., that help the managemen t

Effectiveness Of Diversity Intervention Or Their Results

Introduction â€Å"Part of the problem is there is little published research assessing the effectiveness of diversity intervention or their results† (Kulik Roberson, 2008). In my opinion, a workforce diversity initiative might involve many things such as, motivation to interact with each other on the job, ways to relieve stress on the job, and culture shock in the workplace. Resourcefulness comes from originality like being diverse in creating new ways to enhance old ones to combined change. Perhaps, leadership and diversity might help blend the workplace to meet all cultural groups’ principles and beliefs on the job; it is just a matter of more social interaction with each other outside what a person is used to doing or knowing, besides†¦show more content†¦Judgement Stereotyping is consisted a learned behavior of what we were taught to believe in without having knowledgeable facts. â€Å"Prior research has shown that trait concepts and stereotypes become active automatically in the presence of relevant behavior or stereotyped-group features. Experiments showed that participants whose concept of rudeness was well informed interrupted the experimenter more quickly and frequently than did participants informed with polite-related stimuli. Next, participants for whom an elderly stereotype was aware walked more slowly down the hallway when leaving the experiment than did control participants, consistent with the content of that stereotype. Finally, participants for whom the African American stereotype informed subliminally reacted with more hostility to a vexatious request of the transformer. Implications of this automatic behavior priming effect for self-fulfilling prophecies are discussed, as is whether social behavior is necessarily mediated by c onscious choice processes† (Bargh, Chen Burrows, 1996). Leadership and diversity is an important matter concerning cultural and age relationships too, because most people have been brought up to stereotype without having their facts correct. To say someone’s too old to perform a task is just a matter of speech and maybe even proves that a person’s mentality on social interaction skills are lacking. This holds true for people of different cultures that come

Milton Paradise Lost Commentary Free Essays

The Renaissance era represents a complete break with the Middle Ages on a political, philosophical, scientifical and theological scale. Indeed, the discovery of new territories and the expeditions of explorers such as Francis Drake, the resurgence of classic writtings, the new scientific outbreaks of Copernicus, Newton and Galilei as well as the Protestant reformation led by Luther and his 95 Theses, triggered a will for knowledge and a quest for truth, thus putting an end to the intellectual hegemony of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. Intellectuals of this era began to think on mankind, looking for answers outside of the Religious constraints. We will write a custom essay sample on Milton Paradise Lost Commentary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Written during this context of political and religious upheaval, Paradise Lost, an epic poem published in 1667 in ten books, reflects in a way the great changes of the Renaissance. This poem, written by John Milton (December 1608 – November 1674), an English poet, polemicist and civil servant, tell the Christian story of the creation of the Earth, the fall of Satan and the Fall of Man. As a puritan, Milton, who had already attacked the Church for its corruption in Lycidas (1637), give this classical Christian tale puritan traits (such as the protrayal of Eve as a dedicated worker). The passage under study is taken from Book 9 of Paradise lost. In this book, the narrator focuses on the disobedience of Adam and Eve. Satan returns to the Garden of Eden eight days after his banishment by Gabriel to avenge himself. Adam and Eve , preparing for their labors, decide to work separatly , even if Adam is anxious that eve would be an easy prey to Satan’s temptation . In this passage we can see the approach of the Satan , (the snake) and the begining of his temptation that will lead Eve to eat the prohibited fruit. We can clearly see that Milton here uses a mix of Classical and Judeo-christian mythology to tell this tale. We can thus wonder In which way he uses these influences, and why he uses them ? In a first part we will see that the Serpent is a symbol of temptation, and in a second part we wll analyse Milton’s uses of Classical mythology. First, Milton depicts the snake which Satan is possessing, as an incredibly beautiful animal. The main strategy of Satan to try to corrupt the naive mind of Eve is to appear as a magnificent snake. According to the narrator, his physical appearance is so pleasing that never a snake will be as beautiful (on verse 504 â€Å"pleasing was his shape, and lovely, never since a serpent lovelier†). To describe the snake, the narrator use the lexical field of precious material: â€Å"carbuncle his eyes† on verse 500, â€Å"neck of verdent gold† on verse 501. Here Satan seems to have chosen a snake whose appearance can attract Eve only because his similitude with precious material. In a kind of materialist temptation, he tries to appeal to Eve inner sin of cupidity to seduce her. But there is something paradoxical in the way the snake is depicted as a beautiful creature. Indeed, the snake is often assimilated with death, the venom of some species of snakes such as the cobra can kill a man in less than one hour. It also an animal that generate instinctive fear in most human (and occurence of Ophidiophobia can be found everywhere). Here death and beauty become assimilated in one animal. It can thus be perceived as personification of the treachery of satan: behind the beaty of his rethoric, of his discourse hides a terrible fates, the banishment of Man from Heaven. This can also underline the interest of humans for macabre, dark topics. We can see since the dawn of age exemples of this morbid attraction of the Human race: public executions had always (and still do) gathered a lot of people around the death of a single man as well as we can see every day the impact (and also its capacity of generating profits) of a news involving the mysterious death of a movie star, of the murder of a whole family by its patriarch. As we know, Satan has chosen this animal, maybe he relies on this fascination to attract eve attention. We can also notice that the serpent can be interpreted as a phallic symbol. On verse 498 to 502 the snake is described as a â€Å"circular base that towered folds above folds a surprising maze [†¦ ] with burnished neck [†¦ ] erect amidst his circling spires†. Thus the snake appears as a symbol of virility, a phallic form erecting from the ground and can be understood as another strategy of Satan to cajole Eve into trusting him. On the other hand this links made by Milton between sensuality and religion can be seen as a hint of the influence of the metaphysical poetry on his writting: this link beeing one of the interest of the metaphysical poets who were contemporary with Milton. Then the snake can be analysed as a symbol of corruption and of perfidy. Satan uses a disguise, a snake to talk to eve. He uses his beauty, his eloquence to seduce her. His wave movements, looking like a dance, and his attitude (â€Å"Fawning, and licking the ground whereon she strod† on verse 526) can be interpreted as a nuptial parade with the snake laying on the primal instinct (which are restricted by religion) of Man to attract Eve in his trap. It is also interesting to note that the occurence of the word Satan is, as Satan himself, disguised in this passage. Here Satan is refered to as â€Å"the snake† or â€Å"the enemy of mankind† on verse 494. The word Satan can only be seen if the reader looks closely at the poem: an acrostic is hidden from verse 510 to 515. This clever technic reflects the vicious strategy of the Devil in the passage. Satan’s main strategy to talk Eve into beliving that she has the right to eat the apple is flattery. The Devil choose to tempt Eve because he was afraid of Adam’s intelligence which could have be an obstacle to his scheme. Thus he constantly celebrate eve beauty and superiority of others God’s creature to put her in a position where she can feel free to act as she wants. From verse 532 to the end of the passage the snake states that eve is â€Å"sole wonder†, that she is a â€Å"universally admired† â€Å"celestial beauty† that should be â€Å" a goddes among gods, adored and served by angels numberless†. The snake thus seems to contradict Gods Hierarchy of creation, The Great Chain of Being. According to him, Eve is higher than all the other creations of god, and should be sitting just next to god, just as the Holy Spirit and Jesus. In this passage the snake is the voices that question god authority and urges Eve to more freedom which appears, in the eyes of God as an Heresy. Hence a parallel can be drawn betwen the questioning of God’s Hierarchy by the snakes and the questioning of God’s Hierarchy by the new theories about cosmos expressed by scientists such as Copernic who were at the time seen as Heretics, devilish prophets and treated as such. Now that we have seen in which way the snakes represents a symbol of temptation embodying as well as the Biblical symbol of sin, the Renaissance questioning of God’s Hierarchy, we are going to see and analyse Milton’s use of Classic Mythology in this passage. First Milton’s use of Classic reference in his text can be interpreted as a perversions of those myths. In this passage he uses three myth to illustrate the action. He first refers to the tale of Hermione and Cadmus taken from Metamorphoses written by Ovid in AD 8. According to this classic of Latin literature they were both transformed into snakes in an act of vengence from the Gods. Then he refers to transformation of â€Å"Amonian Jove† and â€Å"Capitoline† into snakes to seduce and â€Å"mate† with Olympias and the mother of Scipio to give birth of two of the most famous and glorious war chief of both hellenistic and Roman era: Alexander the Great and Scipio Africanus. We can notice that Milton cleverly used myth in which the snakes as a role close to the one it has in the Bible. Concerning Ovid, the snakes is an object of temptation for which Hermione yields and is thus punished by being transformed in a snake. Concerning the myth of the birth of Alexender and Scipio, the snakes, just as in the Bible, is in fact a deity in disguise, seducing a woman. But if we look closely, these myth appeared to be perverted. In the classical myth, the deity or characters who are transformed into a snake are great and nobles characters: Cadmus is the founder of Thebes, and Amonian Jove and Capitoline are Jupiter. In paradise lost, the snake is Satan, the personification of rebellion against God’s will and of all the Human Sins. In this antithetic linking of diverse mythology, Milton wants to contrast Satan perfidy with classical characters nobility while underlining common themes. He thus appeals to a particular knowledge of his readers. On the other hand , the author’s use of classical mythology in this text can be seen as another influence of the metaphysical poetry on the Milton. Mixing diverse sources of knowledge to build his imagery is a technic used by metaphysiacal poets such as John Donne. But when others metaphysical poets mixed scientific, geographical, astronomical discoveries with theology and philospy, Milton just mixed Judeo-christian religious myths with classical myths. Even if this influence is small, it is sufficient to guess that Milton, contemporaneous with Donne, Herbert, Henry or Crashaw, has drawn some inspiration from the work of these poets. Moreover, Milton use of Classical mythology is representative of the Renaissance. Indeed, it clearly illustrates the resurgence of classical works during this era. Every arts had been affected by this tendency, in paintings, the classical style was a new fashion, the subjects taken from greek mythology began to be more and more numerous, Michaelangelo being a good exemple in both the sculpture and painting field. This resurgence has also an impact on architecture (with the building of houses, mansions, official buildign following the principle of the straight line) , on philosophy ( the â€Å"raison† and the re-reading of the platonician and socratic philosophy) as well as on literature. Thus Milton appears as an exemple of this new interest ofr the classical literrature, and htis work, Paradise lost, embodies this feature of the Renaissance. Finally, as we have seen, Milton uses his main influence, the Bible, to depicts the snake as a symbol of temptation and perfidy and uses his other influence, the classical mythology, in a perversion of the myths to develop his imagery. Furthermore, analysing this text, we can see that Milton was also influenced by the Metaphysical Poets in his uses of mixed sources as well as the use of the theme of the link between sensuality and religion. This book, which is now one of the most famous piece of english poetry, had a great influence on following artists such as Blake who considered Milton as the major English Poet and Edmond Burke and the Romantic theory, asserting â€Å"No person seems better to have understood the secret of heightening, or of setting terrible things, if I may use the expression, in their strongest light, by the force of a judicious obscurity than Milton. † , valuating his exploration of blank verse. Milton also had a great impact on the English language by creating neologism that are still used today such as pand?monium, enslaved, satanic and self-esteem. How to cite Milton Paradise Lost Commentary, Papers

The Development and Institutionalization of Slave Trade free essay sample

Slavery, the condition of one human being owned by another (Slavery), has gone through many stages in its development and its reception around the world. As part of the Roman Empire in the 1st century ACE, slaves were a large part of civilized society as entertainers in the gladiator arena. These slaves would have been forced to compete, but with their victories and their deaths they would gain respect and some even their freedom.In Africa before the 1 6th century, slavery and systems of servitude existed throughout the continent African slaves during this time were often captives of war or indentured servants; however they were not treated with disrespect. Instead it was common practice for such slaves to be fully integrated into the village or tribe to which their owners belonged. Slaves would live side by side with their owners and could eventually become each others peers.It wasnt until the colonization of the New World and the spread of tobacco cultivation (Fonder 101 began that the bond of slavery became less about the slave and more about cheap and lifelong labor. As Eric Fonder states in Give Me Liberty! , An American History, no European nation.. . Embarked on the colonization of the New World with the intention of lying on African Slaves for the bulk of its labor force (1 01 Unfortunately, as the New World began to develop and expand its agriculture base, namely tobacco, that the demand for workers increased.European settlers originally had no plan to meet the labor request. Their first resort was to force Indian labor (Morgan 52). This plan began to unravel quickly however, since the Indians were easily susceptible to foreign diseases and began to die off before profits could be made (Morgan 53). It became clear that the Indian population would not support the labor force needed, and so the Europeans began looking elsewhere. Having considered other options, Europeans set their sights on Africa (Morgan 53). The nations of West Africa had had long standing relationships with the different European nations. In the early years of what would become the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Spain and Portugal were the first nations to export slaves from Africa in great numbers. Records show that from the years 1500 to 1 550 over 64, 000 slaves were exported by these two countries alone (Number of Captives). These same records conclude that until the 1 asss, Spain and Portugal were the only two countries with significant numbers in the slave trade.In 161 9, the first Africans, twenty in all, arrived in Virginia (Fonder 105), and with their arrival, the flood gates opened. It was at this time that other nations, namely Great Britain and the Netherlands, became more involved in the slave trade. The British and the Dutch began importing slaves to the New World to meet the needs Of the colonies. The British colonies of Virginia and Maryland, as well as the Dutch colony in New York, made up the Chesapeake area, with each having its own large tobacco industries that needed to be fueled by slave labor.By the turn of the century, the British and the Dutch had imported nearly 640,000 slaves o the colonies. With the importation of large number of slaves came more and more laws that tried to rationalize slavery as well to create a never ending supply of new slaves. Laws were passes regarding the birth of slave children as well as interracial children, with nearly all laws stating that if the mother was a slave that the child was a slave also, and became property of the slave owner. These laws consequently made sexual abuse of slave women profitable for slave holders (Fonder 106).In such a short time Virginia had changed from a society with slaves, in which slavery was one system of labor among others, to a slave society, here slavery stood at the center of the economic process (Fo nder 108). Across the Atlantic, as stated before, slavery was practiced throughout much of Africa among the various tribes and villages. However, with the increasing demand for slaves, coastal tribes would raid the inland tribes and capture their fellow Africans and sell them to the Europeans for small valuable trinkets.These newly Captures slaves couldnt possibly have known what their futures held for them in the New World, if they made it there. Within the borders of the New World slaves tried to escape whenever Seibel, but rarely succeeded in such a new and strange world. Slaves newly imported were subject to laws and customs that they didnt understand, and since many of them came from different villages few could communicate with each other (Marques). Slave rebellion was kept under control by the fierce and open violence aimed at those who stepped out of line.Fear for ones life suddenly became more important than freedom for many of the newly enslaved. As the years progressed the slave trade would see fluctuations in the number of slaves exported from Africa and imported to various countries as ell as into the co lonies, and then the United States of America. Political tensions, including the Revolutionary War, contributed to decline in slave importation but it wasnt until the 1 831 s that the slave trade essentially ended, at least for the United States.As History is bound to repeat itself, in recent times, there are numerous occasions were slavery has peaked and then declined. Fortunately these recent incidences, have never reached such catastrophic and saddening numbers as the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade had.

Organisational behaviour case study Essay Essay Example

Organisational behaviour case study Essay Essay Introduction The chief end for any concern has ever been to increase net income borders. In the past the companies focused merely on the figure of productions and other proficient issues. whereas other facets. such as human recourses direction. were non valued as of high of import. These yearss. concern environment has changed dramatically. It is believed that organizational behavior is one of the chief countries for possible betterment in order to run a sustainable concern ( Robbins et al 2011. p. 8 ) . This instance survey will analyze the internal direction schemes of Westpac group ( Westpac ) . one of the four chief Bankss in Australia. It shows how Westpac uses organizational behavior rules to increase occupation satisfaction to actuate its employees. It will besides explicate how the company supports its employees in struggle state of affairss and analyze the leading manners of the bank’s Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) . Gail Kelly. Surveies have shown that utilizing the appropriate organizational behavioural techniques can advance a motivated. satisfied and conflict free work force. but how does Westpac actuate its staff and how satisfied are its employees in their occupation functions? We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational behaviour case study Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational behaviour case study Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational behaviour case study Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Job satisfaction and motive Westpac being a big. good established company is good cognizant of how finding. retaining and actuating its employees can be important for a successful concern to thrive ( Westpac 2006 ) . The company is faced with actuating employees and. in bend. bring forthing high occupation satisfaction throughout all degrees of the administration ( Root 2014 ) . It can besides be deduced that if employees feel occupation satisfaction so this. consecutively. will filtrate through to make a positive experience for Westpac’s clients every bit good. However. in order to bring forth a motivated work force. Westpac must offer its employees benefits. wagess and acknowledgment. which are a few of the cardinal causes of occupation satisfaction ( Robbins et al 2013. p. 59-74 ) . These incentives come in many different signifiers and are sometimes. specific to an employee’s demands. When actuating a individual with a benefit or wages. Westpac must understand that each single individual will value a wages otherwise ( Root 2014 ) . For illustration. an employee with a immature household may value paid parental leave. or a shorter on the job twenty-four hours. over a publicity or a wage addition. Westpac shows that they understand that non all employees are the same and have differing demands by ranking foremost in 2013 in the one-year benchmarking study ‘Work/Life Initiatives’ for their flexible work options. offering 12 hebdomads paid parental leave. entree to child attention every bit good as offering flexible on the job hours ( ‘Westpac leads in satisfaction poll’ 2013 ) . However. for another employee. a valued wages may take the form of chance to travel up in the company. If an employee is promoted to a function they have been endeavoring to obtain so that publicity is a agency of recognizing their difficult work and finding and makes the employee more motivated in their occupation and the company. therefore bring forthing occupation satisfaction ( Robbins et al 2013. p. 59-74 ) . while profiting the company excessively. There are many ways that Westpac generates motive and in bend occupation satisfaction. nevertheless. one of these is through occupation enrichment ( Darling 1997 ) . This is the pattern of heightening an employee’s person occupations and increasing duty which. in bend makes the occupation more stimulating and honoring for the employee. by giving them more control over their work and how they perform it. advancing increased occupation satisfaction ( Robbins et al 2013. p. 171-190 ) . By giving employees more duty and control of the work they are making increased occupation satisfaction. as a deficiency of control or stimulation is frequently a cause of emphasis and ennui. which causes a lessening in motive. It is difficult to challenge that the right employee motive creates occupation satisfaction. and in bend client satisfaction. In 2013. Westpac surveyed its employees and 70 % said they were committed to their occupation. moreover. in the same twelvemonth Westpac came out on top of the four chief Bankss for client satisfaction ( Bennet 2014 ) . Westpac topographic points great accent on the bar and declaration of possible struggles between its employees. It can besides be said that by making a more comfy workplace for employees this will in turn contribute to the efficiency of the company’s public presentation as a whole. Conflict direction It is hard to conceive of any workplace to be wholly conflict free. First of all. workplace brings together people with different values. personality traits and people of different ages. Furthermore. when there is increased force per unit area on employees to run into marks. complete undertakings faster frequently with a deficiency of resources. tensenesss can originate and the work environment becomes increasingly more nerve-racking for the employees. This means that colleagues ever need to seek an appropriate manner to interact with each other at work. However. it is besides an issue for directors as they are responsible for comfy communicating and struggle declaration between workers. Harmonizing to Robbins et Al ( 2012 p. 450 ) . there are three chief causes or beginnings of struggle: communicating. structural factors ( such as size of a group and specialization ) and personal variables ( including personality. emotions and values ) . Analyzing the struggle direction system of We stpac. it is just to reason. that the company is more focussed on the bar of struggles that may originate from personal variables. As an illustration. the company pays great attending to the rights of employees to an equal employment chance. Indeed. today the enlisting patterns of many companies indirectly discriminate possible employees because of their race. gender. age. sexual orientation or cultural background. One of the chief schemes of Westpac is to make a balanced work environment. free of torment and favoritism. Harmonizing to Westpac ( People policies 2014 ) . the handling claims about the events of favoritism applies to all employees. clients and spouses working for the company. Westpac takes all sensible stairss to forestall possible struggles caused by such events from happening in the workplace. The company requires all employees to set about particular discrimination/harassment preparations and requires them to be familiarised with the current favoritism and harassment policies and processs. Two other types of personality-based struggle in the workplace are emotional-based and values-based. The ability to equilibrate emotions and grounds. understand the involvements of each other every bit good as the ability to keep good communicating and remain dependable can assist to forestall and pull off a struggle ( ‘Managing Conflict’ 2007. pp. 46-47 ) . In order to keep a comfy work environment for the employees Westpac has created the Employee Assistance Program. which provides employees with confidential reding on a scope of issues. such as household mournings. deficiency of occupation satisfaction. results of mark oriented direction. emphasis and trauma direction. Another foundation. Critical Incident Management Program. helps employees after traumatic events: personal menaces in the workplace. the decease of work co-workers and menaces from different external events. Why is it of import for the company to pay so much attending to such type of struggle? As Robbin s et Al ( 2012. p. 448 ) province. relationship struggles are dysfunctional. It means that they have a negative impact on the work efficiency. This point of position was shared by Karim ( 2009. p. 289 ) . who argues that emphasis on the occupation causes lower productiveness and hapless public presentation in the administration. As an illustration. pull offing traumatic incidents can significantly cut down employee’s absences after the event ( ‘Prompt injury direction can cut down employee absence’ 2007 ) . The company aims to promote staff members to describe any error in order to assist directors to adequately pull off hazard and cultural issues. Examples of error can be a breach of Westpac’s Policies and Codes. improper behavior and safety issues. As a portion of struggle direction. the company has established the ‘Concern Reporting’ system ( Westpac 2013 ) . It includes an online and telephone service. which allows anon. communicating. which connects employees to trained specializers from an independent administration. However. if the struggle has already occurred. Westpac has a figure of procedures to foreground issues between employees and their directors with farther probe with senior directors if the issue is non resolved. It is of import to gain that the relationships between employees are really susceptible to the leading manner set in the group. Leadership manners Leadership plays an of import function to maximize efficiency and to accomplish organizational ends. Effective leaders have an ability to actuate and animate employees and contribute to the great success of the company ( Keskes 2014 ) . Gail Kelly emphases the importance of puting a clear way for an administration and joint all employees and other stakeholders ( ‘Leadership advice from the CEO of Westpac. Gail Kelly’ 2014 ) . This manner of leading has been successful to accomplish the company’s ends and visions. This achievement brought her as a magnetic leader and her personal appeal helps her to all employees commit to the house and bring forth higher fiscal public presentation ( Davidson et all 2009. pp. 386-387 ) . Now she is ranked the 11th most powerful adult female in the universe and is Australian’s highest paid businesswomen. Harmonizing to Goleman et all ( 2002 ) . leadings are divided by six types. viz. airy. coaching. affiliative. democratic. p acesetting and commanding. Each type of the leading can be used apart. depending on state of affairss. Companies spend a great trade of money on new procedures and efficiencies to increase one per cent of bottom-line profitableness. but 30 per cent of the company’s bottom-line profitableness is responsible by leading manner. Therefore. it is really of import to utilize leading manners to react to different state of affairss efficaciously. These yearss. dramatic alterations can be seen across the fiscal services. Australian Bankss have competed for the biggest portion of the place loans market. However. this competition has shifted to acquiring customers’ sedimentations. When the company prosecute a new way. airy leading manner is the most appropriate. The aim of this manner is to travel people towards a new set of shared marks with clear account. Many companies end up with failure to alterations due to decelerate response or when employees are non certain about the way of the house. One of the great successes of Westpac is that Gail Kelly uses this manner efficaciously ( ‘Leadership Styles’ 2011 ) . Another manner of leading that is built-in to Gail Kelly is affinitive manner. Affinitive manner of leading is besides seen to accomplish high employee satisfaction ( Brook. K 2003 ) . Westpac put the value on the importance of teamwork and the diverseness of employees irrespective of age. race and ability ( People policies 2014 ) . The company helps the employees’ to work out personal jobs and encourages them to be more cohesive in order to make a comfy work environment. This manner of leading is utile to heighten squad harmoniousness. increases the morale and the betterment of communicating in employees. that is indispensable in current volatile state of affairs in fiscal industry. However. affinitive leading would be unsafe to utilize by itself since its emphasis’s on group work and it might advance hapless public presentation or no future growing. For this ground. the demand to unite different manners of leading. that the company does successfully. is indispensable to make the ends of the concern ( Robbins et al 2011. Ps 357 ) . Decision Organizational behavior is more than merely the rules of how people can work in the group together. It is a complex survey that shows how the right interaction of employees can profit the business’s effectivity. The analysis of Westpac Group has revealed that the company endeavours to increase occupation satisfaction of the employees by honoring each individual correspondingly. Therefore. in order. has a good consequence on the production effectivity. doing positive feelings among clients. The company appreciates the diverseness among its employees and successfully manages the struggles caused by personal jobs every bit good as struggles in relationships with others. The Westpac’s system of struggle direction helps to forestall a possible diminution in occupation public presentation and creates a comfy work environment. The instance survey has besides revealed that the company benefitted from the efficient usage of different manners of leading. The ability to rapidly react to the volatility in a finance sector by altering leading manners helps Gail Kelly to take the concern successfully. heightening squad engagement and overall part. MentionsBrooks. K 2003. ‘Primal Leadership: Gaining the Power of Emotional Intelligence’ . Human Resource Development Quarterly. 14. 2. pp. 235-238. Business Source Complete. EBSCOhost. viewed 6 September 2014. Darling. K A ; Arn. J 1997. ‘How to efficaciously honor employees’ . Industrial Management. 39. no. 4. Masterfile Premier. EBSCOhost. viewed 8 September 2014. Davidson. P. Simon. A. Woods. P A ; Griffin. Roentgen 2009. Gail Kelly. bank executive – outstanding leader and director in Management: Core Concepts and Applications. John Wiley A ; Sons. Milton. Queensland. ‘Dealing with Workplace Conflict’ 2006. Point For Credit Union Research A ; Advice. p. 19. Business Source Complete. EBSCOhost. viewed 29 August 2014. Goleman. D. Boyatzis. R A ; McKee. A 2002. Cardinal leading: Learning to take with emotional intelligence. Harvard Business School Press. Boston. USA. Karim. N 2009. ‘Stress in Organsations: Management Strategie s’ . Dialogue ( 1819-6462 ) . 4. 2. pp. 286-300. Academic Search Complete. EBSCOhost. viewed 25 August 2014. Keskes. I 2014. ‘Relationship between leading manners and dimensions of employee organisational committedness: A critical reappraisal and treatment of future directions’ . Intangible Capital. 10. 1. pp. 26-51. Business Source Complete. EBSCOhost. viewed 10 September 2014. ‘Leadership Styles 2011’ . The Wall Street Journal. pp. 1-3. viewed 9 September 2014. . ‘Leadership advice from the CEO of Westpac. Gail Kelly’ 2014. Australia Business Review. viewed 30 August 2014.